Annotations Related to Church Business

Utilizing church records and publications, plus public sources, Swensen examines the reasons for decline of Christian Science focusing on a dominating church leadership valuing conformity and eschewing individual initiative. Also contributing was the development of medical science, bad press, a lack of socializing opportunities among youth, and cloistered members’ reticence to share their faith. Some hope comes in the recent reorientation toward members’ own initiative.

Swensen presents a comprehensive timeline and biography of Augusta Stetson including her adoption of the Christian Science faith, being taught by Mary Baker Eddy, becoming a Christian Science practitioner and teacher, her healing practices, and her founding of, and influential leadership of First Church of Christ, Scientist, New York City. Stetson’s significance to women’s studies is also appraised.

Armer researched Mary Baker Eddy’s 1881 founding of the Massachusetts Metaphysical College emphasizing her frequently overlooked contribution to adult education. The co-educational institution promoted lifelong learning, continuing education, self-directed learning, and vocational training, and uniquely emphasized entrepreneurship. Many graduates started their own businesses as practitioners of healing through Christian Science treatment, and some would go on to establish 37 institutes of instruction in healing methods.

This article investigates the relationship between religious architecture and real estate development in the United States. Using Christian Science churches from the 1920s and the 2020s as case studies, it argues that when churches engage in real estate development, they often use an aesthetic and business strategy termed “material disestablishment” to downplay their religious qualities and engage more effectively with potential business partners and tenants.

Swensen documents how, in the fifteen years after the passing of Mary Baker Eddy (1910-1925), the Christian Science Board of Directors consolidated and centralized their authority both at Church headquarters and over local branch churches. Mirroring a corporate business model, church organization, administration, and standardization were merged with obedience and loyalty. 

The objective of Armer’s study of Mary Baker Eddy’s establishment of her Massachusetts Metaphysical College is to highlight the achievements of women pioneers in higher education and entrepreneurial successes. Characteristics of Eddy’s business success included taking risk, managerial skills, knowledge of the product and the market, financial resources to produce capital, and enough success to produce profits.

This report examines the history of Black Americans’ interactions with the Chrisian Science church beginning with the 1919 formation of the Committee on General Welfare, and then focusing on the racial unrest of the 1960s. This coverage included the demands made by Black community activists during the church’s 1969 Annual Meeting and the Board of Directors’ written response.

When Third Church of Christ, Scientist, Seattle received a congratulatory letter from the Washington Secretary of State for its centennial in 2016, Safronoff began searching old church records and found a thought process along with the recorded unfolding of events. Members wanted their history to show the development of the church and its relationship to the world.

Homan portrays the people, their personal recollections, stories and spiritual healings that make up the history of each Christian Science church and society in Alaska, past and present. The histories also include the introduction of CS into the communities, church construction, and church growth and challenges. An appendix lists the CS churches, societies, practitioners, teachers and nurses going back to the early twentieth century.

Damaging newspaper accounts incentivized Mary Baker Eddy to found The Christian Science Monitor with the intent to be a more professional alternative sticking closely to facts and highlighting optimism rather than fear. Although this approach helped dampen the polemic around the church, critics found it lacking in illuminating systemic societal abuses of power.

This essay on Christian Science is one of many descriptive introductions of various religions and their relation to evangelical Christianity. Simmons notes that the ‘Christian’ element in Christian Science involves a radical reinterpretation of Jesus and his role in the New Testament. Mary Baker Eddy stressed the practical nature of her ‘science’ in human challenges, thus highlighting the focus on healing. 

Hughes’ journalism career from paperboy to Pulitzer Prize-winner covers Africa’s transition from European colonialism to self-rule, South Africa’s apartheid, the Vietnam war, Indonesia’s 1965 coup, and an insider’s look at the people and operations of The Christian Science Monitor between 1955 – 1980. He would later direct Voice of America, serve as State Department Spokesman for George Shultz, and Director of Communications at the U.N.

Although written for young readers, “A World More Bright” contains details for those interested in the personal side of Mary Baker Eddy’s life story. For those more familiar with other biographies on Eddy, this book offers new facts that may be useful for filling in gaps of historical interest. Typical biographical controversies are mentioned but not critiqued by the authors.

This Commission is the city of Boston’s report recommending the Christian Science Publishing Society Center complex as a designated landmark. The Report includes a comprehensive description of the physical site and its uses, history of The Mother Church, history and development of the Fenway neighborhood, the Center’s architectural history and significance, property and zoning issues, the assessed value of the property, etc.

This book is Mary Baker Eddy’s response to the vicious accusations by Frederick Peabody, a lawyer who represented a client in litigation against Eddy. Eddy’s advisors recommended she not publish her book because of the possibility of further public agitation. But it was published by the Christian Science Publishing Society for the first time in 2002. 

Singelenberg, a social anthropologist, argued that Rodney Stark’s then-recent analysis of the ‘rise and fall’ of Christian Science overlooked two important issues that may have had a bearing on his conclusions: the Knapp Controversy, and rapid loss of financial stability due to an ambitious attempt to build a media empire.

Gill, a feminist historian and biographer, offers a fresh view of Mary Baker Eddy’s achievements in the light of obstacles faced by women in her time. Without access to Church archives Gill relied on Peel’s archival research. Gill’s unique contribution challenges the traditional biographers’ view of Eddy as a hysterical invalid who abandoned her son and stole her ideas.

In her compelling insider’s account, extensively end-noted, Bridge analyzes the bitter struggle that ensued when an entrepreneurial leadership tried to diversify and reposition the respected international newspaper The Christian Science Monitor into radio, the internet, multi-media publishing, and—the highest-ticket item of all—the Monitor Channel, a CNN-style, 24-hour news and public affairs channel.

This collection of brief articles about 14 people who served the Cause of Christian Science during Mary Baker Eddy’s last decades first appeared in a series from The Christian Science Journal between 1987 and 1991. More than imparting interesting historical information, the articles express these individuals’ vital spirit and conviction that moved them to give their all for a Cause.

Cunningham’s specialty lies with 19th-century American religious history focusing on women, institutions, money and power—perfect preparation for her PhD dissertation research on the fraught relationship of two charismatic women who rose from poverty to power and wealth: Augusta Stetson, a founding member and leader of the first Christian Science church in New York City, and Mary Baker Eddy, the founder of the Christian Science movement.

Gottschalk, a Christian Scientist and scholar, wrote to the larger Christian community to explain the constitutional crisis of his Church. He sees an unhealthy monopoly of power and authority in the hands of its Christian Science Board of Directors, claiming their leadership was “well outside [Church] Manual specifications”–specifically pointing out the Church’s 1980s media expansion and the Bliss Knapp controversy.

Gottschalk explains for the general public the internal Church controversy over the publication of Knapp’s book “The Destiny of The Mother Church.” According to Gottschalk, a respected scholar and consultant for The Church of Christ, Scientist, the book makes blasphemous claims contrary to Mary Baker Eddy’s teachings. It identifies Eddy as counterpart to and equivalent of Jesus Christ.

Armstrong combines two stories, the building of the Original Mother Church (1894), and the much larger Extension of The Mother Church adjacent to the original (1906). Also included are numerous photos and color plates of the windows in the Original and a brief update on the addition of the portico, administration building, and large reflecting pool constructed in 1975.

Johnson’s 1963 dissertation studies the Christian Science Church’s communications from mid-1958 to mid-1960, tracing the Church’s self-understanding in relation to the world at that time. His findings are an analysis of the effectiveness of the Church’s office of the Committee on Publication. It includes a far-reaching overview of the motives, strategic approaches, and areas of concern.

Smith, a prominent Christian Scientist who held many senior positions in the church, brought together this collection of articles originally published in The Christian Science Journal as a series titled “Historical and Biographical Papers.” The articles are divided into three parts: biography, organization and history; including Mary Baker Eddy’s childhood and beginnings of her career as author, healer, teacher, and organizer.